Data sources

The types of data used for public integrity assessments vary according to the approach taken. What we have termed ‘system-wide’ and institutional approaches rely largely on legal- institutional analysis to assess the strength of the institutional framework for combating corruption, combined with primary data (key informant interviews or public officials surveys) to evaluate how these institutions operate in practice and/or to validate the findings of the assessment.

Risk assessments and institutional assessments on the other hand often combine secondary data with the use of checklists and questionnaires, focus groups and/or key informant interviews either for self-assessment purposes or to gather information from public officials and/or external experts on corruption risks and conflicts of interests.